高血压(HTN)

简介

高血压或高血压(HTN) 在美国是一种常见的情况吗.  高血压被称为“无声杀手”，因为它通常没有症状，但会造成严重的心血管和器官损伤.  The only way to know if you have high blood pressure is to get tested.  High blood pressure can be controlled with lifestyle changes and medications.  不受控制的高血压会导致危及生命的疾病.

回到顶部

解剖学

你的心脏将血液泵入全身.  血压是衡量心脏推动血液流动的努力程度的指标.  Your blood pressure measurement reflects systolic and diastolic pressure.  收缩压是心脏收缩将血液泵出心脏时所产生的力量.  舒张压是心脏放松时心跳之间的最小压力.

Your blood pressure is recorded as two numbers.  收缩压记录为最高值，舒张压记录为最高值.  For example, a blood pressure that is 120/80 mm Hg is stated as “120 over 80.“在这种情况下，收缩压是120，舒张压是80.
回到顶部

原因

大约10%的人，高血压是由其他疾病引起的.  这就是继发性高血压.  Conditions that can cause high blood pressure include kidney disease, 肾上腺肿瘤, coarctation of the aorta (being born with a narrowed aorta), 怀孕, 使用避孕药, 酒精滥用, 还有甲状腺功能障碍.  在大多数情况下, if the source of secondary hypertension is treated, 血压可以恢复正常.
 
In about 90% of people, the cause of high blood pressure is not known.  这被称为原发性高血压.  Many risk factors are associated with primary hypertension.
回到顶部

症状

High blood pressure usually does not have symptoms.  高血压被称为“沉默的杀手”，因为尽管人们可能没有症状, 心脏可能会发生进行性损伤, 血管, 和其他器官.  People can have high blood pressure for years and not know it.  找出你是否有高血压的唯一方法就是检查你的血压.
 
严重的高血压和恶性高血压会引起头痛, 视力问题, 头晕, 恶心想吐, 和呕吐.  恶性高血压是一种高血压危机，是指血压迅速上升的高血压.  The diastolic blood pressure often exceeds 140 mmHg.  如果你的舒张压超过100毫米汞柱，你应该去医院急诊室.  如果你出现中风或心脏病发作的症状，你应该叫救护车, 这可能包括严重的头痛, 头晕, 晕倒, 视力模糊, 视力丧失, 胸部疼痛, 休息时呼吸急促, 和软弱.
回到顶部

诊断

找出你是否有高血压的唯一方法是用血压袖带测量血压.  Having your blood pressure checked is quick and painless.  A blood pressure cuff is placed around your arm and inflated.  As air in the cuff is released, a person listens to your pulse.  Blood pressure is classified as normal, prehypertension, or high.  
 
 
分类 收缩压(最高值)  舒张压(底部数字)
正常的 少于120  少于80
吗 120-130 80-89
高血压-第1阶段 140-159 90-99
高血压-第二阶段 160或以上 100或以上
 
  
如果你有高血压，你的医生可能会要求检查你的器官损伤.  Such tests may include blood tests, urine tests, an eye exam, or imaging tests.  Specific tests may be used to detect heart or blood vessel damage.
回到顶部

治疗

The goal of treatment is to keep blood pressure below 140/90 mmHg.  目标较低, 125 - 130/80毫米汞柱, 糖尿病患者, 慢性肾脏疾病, 或者之前有心脏病发作或中风.  You doctor can tell you what your specific goal should be.  治疗 of secondary conditions can return blood pressure to normal.  高血压的治疗通常包括改变生活方式、药物治疗或两者兼有.
 
有些人可以通过改变生活方式(包括减肥)来降低血压, 锻炼, 饮食的改变.  You should work towards achieving and maintaining your ideal weight.  即使是很小的减重也是有益的.  吃低脂肪、低热量、低胆固醇、高纤维和低盐的食物是有帮助的.  你应该停止使用食盐.  控制高血压的饮食方法(DASH)饮食是针对高血压患者的指南.  你应该戒烟和戒酒.  If making lifestyle changes are difficult for you, your doctor can refer you to resources for assistance and support.
 
治疗高血压的药物也可以与生活方式的改变一起使用.  有许多处方药以不同的方式治疗高血压.  Your medication or dose may need to be changed over time.
 
遵医嘱服药是非常重要的.  You should take your medication as directed, even if you feel better.  根据医生的指示监测血压也很重要.  You should make and keep all of your doctor appointments. 
The prognosis is usually good for high blood pressure that is controlled.  You may need to take medication for the rest of your life, unless you can lower your blood pressure with significant lifestyle changes.  不受控制的高血压会导致危及生命的并发症.
回到顶部

预防

这有助于扭转高血压的风险因素，你可以控制.  有些人可以通过选择健康的生活方式来控制或预防高血压.  It is helpful to lose excess weight and maintain a healthy weight.  有规律的锻炼很重要.  You should quit 吸烟 and not use alcohol or illegal drugs.  吃低脂肪、低热量、低胆固醇、高纤维和低盐的食物是有帮助的.  你应该停止使用食盐.  The DASH diet has helpful food guidelines for people with high blood pressure.
 
即使你感觉很好，也要按照医嘱服用所有药物.  Monitor your blood pressure per your doctor’s instructions.  You should make and keep all of your doctor’s appointments.
回到顶部

我有风险吗?

High blood pressure is a common problem in the United States.  Risk factors may increase your likelihood of high blood pressure, 虽然有些高血压患者并没有任何危险因素.  People with all of the risk factors may never develop high blood pressure; however, the likelihood increases with the more risk factors you have.  You should tell your doctor about your risk factors and discuss your concerns.


高血压的危险因素:


_____非裔美国人比白种人更容易患高血压.  非裔美国女性严重高血压的发病率最高. 
_____ Aging increases your chance of developing high blood pressure.  Men develop high blood pressure most frequently between age 35 and 55.  Women develop it most frequently after menopause.
_____ Being overweight increases your risk for high blood pressure.
_____倾向于将脂肪储存在腹部的人(中央型肥胖或苹果型身材的人)比储存在臀部和大腿的人(梨型身材的人)有更高的风险。.
_____ If other members in your family have high blood pressure, your risk for developing the condition increases.
_____高血压前期(血压120-139/80-89毫米汞柱)是高血压的危险因素.
_____ Smoking increases your blood pressure.
_____ Eating too much salt can increase blood pressure.
_____ Consuming too much alcohol increases your risk for high blood pressure.
_____久坐不动的生活方式，缺乏足够的体育活动，会增加患高血压的风险.
_____ Prolonged anxiety or stress can increase your risk of high blood pressure.
_____某些药物, 包括食欲抑制剂, 感冒药, 咳嗽药, 流感药, 减充血剂, and migraine medications can increase blood pressure.
_____ Illegal drugs, such as cocaine, can increase blood pressure.
_____某些健康状况, 比如糖尿病, 动脉硬化, 肾动脉狭窄, and coarctation of the aorta can contribute to high blood pressure.
_____采取节育措施的女性患高血压的风险增加.  The risk is even greater for women that take birth control pills and smoke.
_____ Pain can cause blood pressure to increase.
_____低钾或低钙的摄入会导致血压升高.
_____ Pregnant women have an increased risk for developing high blood pressure, especially during the last three months of 怀孕.  与怀孕有关的高血压往往在分娩后消失.
_____超重和性成熟的青少年容易患高血压.

回到顶部

并发症

High blood pressure is the number one risk factor for stroke.  High blood pressure is a major risk factor for an enlarged heart, 心脏病, 心脏衰竭, 肾功能衰竭, 动脉粥样硬化, 外周动脉疾病, 主动脉瘤, 和失明.  高血压和肥胖, 吸烟, 高胆固醇, or diabetes increases the risk for 心脏病 or stroke even more.
回到顶部

进步

There are a several types of blood pressure monitors that you can use at home.  Some types of monitors allow you to take your own blood pressure.  除了臂袖式，还有手腕显示器和手指显示器.  Some blood pressure monitors store or print out your blood pressure results.  另外, 一些家庭健康服务使用计算机化的血压监测仪，它会把你的结果直接发送给你的医生进行定期监测.
回到顶部

版权©  - iHealthSpot Interactive - www.iHealthSpot.com

This information is intended for educational and informational purposes only. 它不应该用来代替个人咨询或检查，也不应该取代医疗保健专业人员的建议，不应该被用来确定诊断或治疗过程.

的iHealthSpot 新萄新京十大正规网站 是由iHealthSpot编辑团队合作撰写的，该团队包括资深医学作者Dr. Mary Car-Blanchard, OTD/OTR/L和Valerie K. Clark, and the following editorial advisors: Steve Meadows, MD, Ernie F. Soto, DDS, Ronald J. Glatzer, MD, Jonathan Rosenberg, MD, Christopher M. 诺尔特，医学博士，大卫·阿普勒鲍姆，医学博士，乔纳森·M. 医学博士塔拉什和注册护士保拉·索托. 本内容符合 HONcode standard for trustworthy health information. 图书馆于2005年9月1日开始发展，并于 2022年2月16日. For information on iHealthSpot’s other services including 医疗网站设计,请访问 www.iHealthSpot.com.