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Allergies

  • Introduction
  • Anatomy
  • Causes
  • Symptoms
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment
  • Prevention
  • Am I at Risk
  • Complications
  • Advancements

Introduction

当免疫系统对通常无害的物质反应过度时,就会发生过敏反应. There are many types, causes, and symptoms of allergic reactions.  身体的不同部位会受到影响,取决于过敏的触发因素.  有些过敏反应可能危及生命,需要紧急就医.  过敏治疗包括避免过敏反应的诱因, medications, and desensitizing shots.

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Anatomy

Your immune system normally fights germs to keep you healthy.  If you have allergies, 你的免疫系统对通常无害的普通物质反应过度, such as pollen or certain foods.  引起过敏反应的物质被称为过敏原.
 
当你接触过敏原时,你的白细胞会产生抗体.  抗体会触发被称为介质的化学物质和激素的释放.  介质,如组胺,会引起过敏反应的症状.
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Causes

In some cases, allergies run in families.  Some people with allergies may have no family history at all.  患有某些疾病的人更容易过敏.  Such conditions include asthma, lung problems, nasal polyps, eczema, and frequent ear, respiratory tract, or nasal sinus infections.
 
Foods, pets, dust, plants, cold air, medications, peanuts, grass, and latex—anything can be an allergen.  过敏反应的类型取决于过敏原和它影响的身体部位.  People can have more than one type of allergy.
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Symptoms

过敏症状的类型取决于过敏原和受过敏原影响的身体部位.  例如,食物过敏原会导致胃痛、恶心、呕吐和腹泻.  Environmental allergens, such as plants, can affect the skin and cause itchy bumps, rashes, redness, and swelling.  吸入的过敏原,如冷空气或花粉,会引起呼吸短促、喘息和咳嗽.  Some allergens can cause itchy watery eyes.  Others may cause a stuffy nose or dangerous throat swelling.
 
Sudden, rapid, 严重的过敏反应可能会导致一种潜在的威胁生命的情况,叫做过敏反应.  如果你怀疑自己或他人有过敏反应,你应该立即叫救护车.  Anaphylaxis is known as "going into shock.休克包括低血压,皮肤苍白或发红,皮肤出汗或干燥,以及焦虑.  
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Diagnosis

你的医生可以诊断过敏,也可以把你转到专门治疗过敏的医生那里.  过敏专科医生可以进行测试,以查明你对什么过敏,以及你的过敏反应有多严重.  医生会在你的皮肤上做几处轻微的划痕,然后取一小块可能的过敏原样本.  如果你对过敏原过敏,你的皮肤会形成一个发痒的红色小肿块.  Your blood may be tested for antibodies.

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Treatment

你可以通过避开引发过敏反应的过敏原来避免过敏反应.  You may not be able to avoid all allergens.  Your doctor can recommend medications to relieve your symptoms.  抗过敏针剂可以使你的免疫系统对过敏原不那么敏感, which can help to reduce symptoms.  医生可能会要求你随身携带紧急药物,以防出现严重的过敏反应.
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Prevention

你应该戴上医疗警报手环或项链,在钱包里放一张医疗警报卡,上面标明你的过敏类型.  In the case of an emergency, 医疗警报信息将有助于医疗保健专业人员为您治疗.  因为与某些类型的过敏相关的医疗并发症可能非常严重,甚至威胁到生命, it is helpful for people with allergies to inform their school, employer, family, 告诉朋友他们对什么过敏,在紧急情况下应该怎么做.  你的医生会给你开一针,你可以随身携带,以防万一.
 
你可以通过避免过敏原来预防一些过敏反应.  Your doctor can make helpful recommendations specific to you.
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Am I at Risk

Risk factors may increase your likelihood of developing allergies, 虽然有些患有这种疾病的人没有任何风险因素.  你应该告诉你的医生你的风险因素和讨论你的担忧. 


Risk factors for allergies:


_____ Some people are born with a family tendency for allergies.  如果你的父母或近亲有过敏症,你患过敏症的风险就会增加.
_____如果你有一个过敏诱因,你更有可能有另一个. 
_____如果你有某些疾病,包括哮喘,你可能有过敏的风险, eczema, lung problems, and nasal polyps.
_____ Frequent ear, respiratory, 鼻窦感染与过敏风险的增加有关.
_____如果你是敏感皮肤,你可能会增加过敏的风险.

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Complications

Anaphylactic shock is a severe allergic reaction that can be fatal.  如果你或其他人正在经历过敏性休克,你应该叫救护车.  如果不及时治疗,过敏性休克会导致昏迷、心脏病发作和死亡.
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Advancements

研究人员正在不断研究预防和治疗过敏的方法.  In recent studies, researchers suggest that babies who are breastfed, experience a fever before they are one year old, 随着年龄的增长,有一定环境接触的人不太可能发生过敏.  随着研究人员收集更多信息,他们希望为所有儿童提出一般性建议.
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Copyright ©  - iHealthSpot Interactive - www.iHealthSpot.com

此信息仅用于教育和信息目的. 它不应该用来代替个人咨询或检查,也不应该取代医疗保健专业人员的建议,不应该被用来确定诊断或治疗过程.

The iHealthSpot patient education library 是由iHealthSpot编辑团队合作撰写的,该团队包括资深医学作者Dr. Mary Car-Blanchard, OTD/OTR/L and Valerie K. 克拉克和以下编辑顾问:史蒂夫·梅多斯医学博士,厄尼F. Soto, DDS, Ronald J. Glatzer, MD, Jonathan Rosenberg, MD, Christopher M. Nolte, MD, David Applebaum, MD, Jonathan M. Tarrash, MD, and Paula Soto, RN/BSN. This content complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information. 图书馆于2005年9月1日开始发展,并于 February 16, 2022. For information on iHealthSpot’s other services including medical website design, visit www.iHealthSpot.com.

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Mount Ayr, IA 50854

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